原子吸收光谱法测定烟叶中的重金属总量及形态分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定烟叶中Mn,Cu,Zn元素,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定Cd,Cr,Pb元素,以HNO3-H2O2微波消解法获取烟叶中的重金属总量,以超声水提取法获取水溶态重金属进行初级形态分析,以Tessier逐级提取法获取5种形态的重金属进行次级形态分析。实验结果表明,原子吸收光谱法检测6种重金属线性良好,相关系数(r2)不低于0.998 8,检出限为0.16~3.1μg·L-1。烟叶样品中Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd元素主要以可交换态和碳酸盐结合态的形式存在;Cr主要以残渣态的形式存在;而Pb主要以碳酸盐结合态和残渣态的形式存在。     

SiO_2微球固相萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量Ag(Ⅰ)

本文通过水热合成法制备了SiO2微球,并研究SiO2微球在弱碱性条件下对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附性能,建立了SiO2微球固相萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测定痕量Ag(Ⅰ)的新方法。结果表明:在0.02mol·L-1 NaOH溶液介质中,Ag(Ⅰ)能被定量吸附,且能被2.0mL的12g·L-1硫脲-4%HCl混合液快速定量洗脱。方法的检出限(3σ)为0.59μg·L-1,富集倍数为50。该方法用于水样中痕量Ag(Ⅰ)的测定,加标回收率在95.0%~104.0%范围。     

氢化物发生–原子吸收光谱法测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑

建立氢化物发生–原子吸收光谱法联用测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑的方法。试样用稀硝酸溶解,用5%抗坏血酸溶液作为砷(Ⅴ)、锑(Ⅴ)的预还原剂,5%的硫脲溶液作为其它元素的掩蔽剂,选用1%硼氢化钠溶液作为还原剂,氢化物反应在10%盐酸介质中进行。在优化的试验条件下,砷、锑的质量浓度在0~20 ng/m L范围内与吸光度线性相关,相关系数r2分别为砷0.999 6,锑0.993 8,方法的检出限分别为砷0.40 ng/m L,锑0.75 ng/m L。砷、锑测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.96%,6.27%(n=6),铅粉样品加标回收率分别为砷87.6%,锑79.3%。该方法准确可靠,可用于测定铅粉中痕量砷、锑。     

Trace metal analyses in honey samples from selected countries. A potential use in bio-monitoring

Honey is a sweet product made by bees using nectar from flowers. Concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb and Cd were determined in 13 honey samples from the selected regions around the world. Levels of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Potassium concentration was determined via flame photometry. Concentrations of Cd and Pb were determined using the electrothermal technique (ETAAS). It was estimated that the examined samples of honey from Greece, Turkey, Spain, Poland, Mexico, Argentina and Italy were of good quality in terms of metal concentrations (compliant with the norms referring to food products – WHO, Fifty-third Report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives; Technical Report Series 776, Geneva), although the analysed samples were not free of heavy metals. The concentrations of the elements in the honey samples ranged from 2.38 to 9.31 μg · g^?1 for Zn, from 3.86 to 35.10 μg · g^?1 for Fe, from 0.19 to 21.64 μg · g^?1 for Mn, from 49.53 to 1006.90 μg · g^?1 for Ca, from 388.25 to 4761.50 μg · g^?1 for K and from 0.20 to 1.53 μg · g^?1 for Cu and regarding heavy metals from 0.11 to 2.78 μg · g^?1 for Pb and from 0.02 to 0.44 μg · g^?1 for Cd. According to these results it was found that the concentrations of heavy metals in the honey samples (except for alfalfa honey and eucalyptus honey from Italy) were under the acceptable limits for foods set out by the FAO/WHO. It was confirmed that the application of chemometric tools supports the extraction of significant information from analytical data, even though the availability of samples is not fully sufficient (this problem is often encountered in environmental analyses).     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定煤矸石中铜的样品前处理技术改进

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了煤矸石中Cu的含量.研究了实验预处理技术、消解体系的控制选择及仪器条件的优化,建立了相应的原子吸收光谱测定方法.方法的RSD在1%~3%之间,加标回收率达到96.5%~104%.     

铝基火花源发射光谱仪测定MB1镁合金中锰含量

建立了用铝基体火花源原子发射光谱仪现有通道硬件测定镁合金(MB1)中锰元素含量的方法.方法线性相关系数为0.967 6,RSD为1.66%.对8个未知样品进行了测试,结果与化学分析方法所得结果一致.     

Natural and artificial light-harvesting systems utilizing the functions of carotenoids

Carotenoids are essential pigments in natural photosynthesis. They absorb in the blue–green region of the solar spectrum and transfer the absorbed energy to (bacterio-)chlorophylls, and so expand the wavelength range of light that is able to drive photosynthesis. This process is an example of singlet–singlet energy transfer and so carotenoids serve to enhance the overall efficiency of photosynthetic light reactions. Carotenoids also act to protect photosynthetic organisms from the harmful effects of excess exposure to light. In this case, triplet–triplet energy transfer from (bacterio-)chlorophyll to carotenoid plays a key role in this photoprotective reaction. In the light-harvesting pigment–protein complexes from purple photosynthetic bacteria and chlorophytes, carotenoids have an additional role, namely the structural stabilization of those complexes. In this article we review what is currently known about how carotenoids discharge these functions. The molecular architecture of photosynthetic systems will be outlined to provide a basis from which to describe the photochemistry of carotenoids, which underlies most of their important functions in photosynthesis. Then, the possibility to utilize the functions of carotenoids in artificial photosynthetic light-harvesting systems will be discussed. Some examples of the model systems are introduced.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of organic multilayer films based on the layer‐by‐layer assembly

Two polymers containing pyridine rings were prepared by free‐radical polymerization and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR spectra. The preparation of four multilayer films that were obtained by self‐assembly of the polymer and the transition metal neutralized polyelectrolyte on PE substrate was described. UV–vis spectra and atomic force microscopy images were applied to characterize these films and indicate the uniform assembling process. The driving force for building up the multilayer films was identified by infrared spectroscopy to be the coordination interaction. The magnetic behavior was examined as a function of magnetic field strength at 30 kOe and as a function of temperature (5–300 K). All films display strong soft ferromagnetic properties and higher than those of the bulk materials. The magnetic results show that the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembling approach is beneficial to the ordered alignment of adjacent paramagnetic spins and induces better magnetic phenomena. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.